Bioperine, a standardized extract from the fruit of Piper nigrum L (black pepper) or Piper longum L (long pepper). It contains 95 percent of piperine. Bioperine is used in conjunction with other herbs or vitamins to increase their absorption and digestion to make them more effective.

Citric Acid ~

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate or Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate, a second messenger that mediates the action of several eptide or amine hormones, is abbreviated as cyclic AMP or cAMP. cAMP is thus vital for varied biological processes and used for intracellular signal transduction in various organisms. This major communicator is a result of the action of the enzyme adenyl cyclase on ATP. As such, cyclic AMP performs many physiological functions and is also responsible for increasing blood glucose levels. Adrenaline that enhances blood sugar levels in the body is able to do so by stimulating cAMP production. Cyclic AMP plays an important role in the following: urine regulation synthesis of flagellar proteins in bacteria hormone release sensory and nerve processes Apart from these functions, it also helps in breakdown of lipids in some organisms to produce energy in the absence of sufficient glucose.

Dioscorea Villosa extract is a medicinal herb commonly knows as the wild yam. It has medicinal properties that help in curing the pain caused during menstrual cycle, stomach cramps, and discomfort from gallstones and rheumatoid arthritis. It has been used fro centuries by the Native Americans. It is also used by herbalists for female and childbirth related problems. Along with herbal medicine, this plant is of great use in the modern medicine as well. It is because of this plant that birth control pills are so commonly and easily available. Its steroid like property explains the vast usage of this plant for medicinal purposes. But consumption of this extract may also lead to a number of side effects. Vomiting, diarrhea, nausea and headache are some of the most common side effects of dioscorea villosa extract.

Evodiamine- Tetradii Fructus, the fruit of the evodia plant, also known as Tetradium rutaecarpa, contains an active element that has recently been identified as evodiamine. This chemical compound is believed to be somewhat similar to capsaicin, the active compound found in the chili peppers. Some studies suggested that this vanilloid receptor agonist may interact with thermogenin, otherwise known as the uncoupling protein 1, UCP1, which is able to generate heat by a mechanism called thermogenesis. Tetradium rutaecarpa has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for weight loss purposes and current studies seem to verify this information. Evodiamine has been embraced as a dietary supplement directed at weight loss, predominantly by the body building circles. This supplement is deemed to have energy burning and fat reducing, as well as diuretic properties.

Glabra, commonly known as licorice, is a root used to extract a sweet flavor from. Licorice is a plant belonging to the legume family, like peas and beans. It takes two to three years after planting for licorice to be harvested in autumn. It requires deep, fertile, well drained soil with a lot of sun to be able to grow. The extract from licorice is produced by boiling the roots with water and then evaporating all the water. This extract is then sold both in the form of solid and liquid. Glabra consists of a sweetener called glycyrrhizin which is many times sweeter than sucrose. It is used in lot cough syrups and in ayurvedic medicine. Candies made from licorice roots are famous all over the world. Hence it is in many pharmaceutical and confectionery products.

Guggulsterone is a plant sterol found in the resin of the guggul plant, Commiphora mukul. It acts as an antagonist of the farnesoid X receptor, which was earlier believed to result in decreased cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

L-Tyrosine is a proteinogenic polar amino acid, deemed not essential because it can be synthesized by the human body. As a member of the amino acid group that is being used by cells to build proteins, this building block derived its name from the Greek word tyros, which means cheese, because it was discovered in the cheese protein casein. L-Tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine and can be found in foods high on protein, like soy products, poultry, cheese, bananas, dairy products and several seeds, including the sesame seeds. The unique phenol functionality and the occurrence in proteins that belong to the signal transduction process, make this amino acid different. Tyrosine can be converted by tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme into levodopa, a psychoactive drug that is used, among other uses, for clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It is also involved in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Octopamine is related to noradrenaline. Octopamine was discovered by Vittorio Erspamer, an Italian scientist in 1948. Octopamine has a significant role in mollusks and is the central nervous system in snail. Octopamine also has a vital role in memory and learning in the fruit fly and honey bee. Octopamine is also useful for the firefly in releasing the light production. Octopamine mobilizes releasing fat in mammals and this has developed into promotion as a slimming aid on the internet. However, there is no apparent evidence about Octopamine facilitating weight loss. Octopamine also significantly increases the blood pressure in combination with stimulants such as weight loss supplements. This is extensively used in energy demanding insects such as spiders, lobsters, crabs and crayfish as their behaviors also include egg-laying, jumping and flying. Among vertebrates, Octopamine substitutes norepinephrine and as well exhibits common side effects. Octopamine is sited in the locust jump such that it modulates the muscle activity allowing the leg muscles to contract effectively.

Phosphatidylcholine has a role in membrane mediated cell signaling and is currently being experimented on weight loss treatments.

Phosphollipid complex is formed by the combination of lipids and phosphate. They are grouped into three categories. 1. Glycerophosphates- Glycerophosphates are one of the important factors for cell membranes. They are also responsible for intracellular messaging and act as a hormone stimulant. 2 Sphingophosphatides- These phospholipids are responsible for transportation of water and fat soluble materials through cell membranes. It also helps to stabilize water soluble compounds. 3. Glycolipids. They help to maintain the structure of the cell membrane by attaching themselves with other components. Phospholipids complex is important for maintaining physiological activity of the body as they are an important factor for bonding and formation of enzymes, amino acids, etc.

Quercetin, a bioflavonoid derived mostly from blue-green algae. Quercetin is a strong antioxidant commonly found in onions, wine and tea.

Rhodiola Rosea Extract is the extract of a plant that grows in the cold regions of the world from the Crassulaceae family. It is considered to be dioecious, which is having both male and female parts. Rhodiola Rosea is an adaptogen and that is a natural herbal medicine that increases the body’s resistance to trauma, stress, fatigue, and anxiety. It improves the mood and can lessen the effects of depression. This extract supports the nervous system and helps to significantly boost mental functions by increasing blood supply to the brain. It can also normalize the heart rate after intense exertion. Combined with moderate exercise it can aid in significant weight loss because it activates hormone-sensitive lipase, which enables the breakdown of fat stored in adipole tissue. Fat stored in adipole tissue is normally very difficult to get rid of.

Ribonucleic Acid , abbreviated RNA, is very similar to DNA with some important differences in structure. It is single-stranded instead of double-stranded, contains ribose instead of deoxyribose, and has a base of uracil instead of a base of thymine as DNA does. RNA is a molecule that consists of a long chain of nucleotide units and those units consist of a nitrogenous base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate. It is transcribed from DNA by enzymes called RNA polymerases and it is essential to protein synthesis. Ribonucleic Acid conveys genetic information and catalyzes important biochemical reactions.

Smilax- The genus Smilax includes approximately 300 different species of vines, found in warm regions like South America, North America and the Caribbean. Also known as Sarsaparilla, the roots of the plant are highly effective and thus used in various herbal treatments. For centuries, Smilax has been used by the natives for curing ailments and disorders like sexual impotence, dermatitis, syphilis to name just a few. The plant contains plant steroids called saponin as well as flavonoids. Theoretically, it is believed that the body synthesizes saponin into sex hormones, testosterone and estrogen. Since the plant has flavonoids, it also boasts of antioxidant properties. Smilax dietary supplements are extensively used for strength training and bodybuilding. The best benefit of using Smilax supplements is that there are absolutely no side effects.

Taraxacum Officinale is the most common weed flowering plant found worldwide. The two most common species are Taraxacum officinale and Taraxacum erythrospermum, also known as the dandelion flower and the dandelion parachute ball. A flower head of such a dandelion flower is structured out of hundreds of smaller florets. These biennial or perennial herbaceous plants are native to Europe, the Northern Hemisphere. It has been found out that the flowers of dandelion contain a strong antioxidant, luteolin, which is a flavonoid with diverse properties, such as inflammation inhibitor, immune system modulator and a carbohydrate metabolism promoter. Chinese medicine has used this plant for centuries for medicinal purposes, usually in form of a tea concoction, applied as a liver detoxifying method. Other uses were listed as inflammation reduction and as a diuretic.

Trimeylxanthine Anyhydrous is a form of caffeine that is found in many energy supplements. This stimulant is very beneficial for those who are looking to increase their energy and stamina levels. Trimelyxanthine anyhydrous is often combined with other ingredients to create various proprietary blends that are sold as weight loss supplements or energy supplements. Trimelyxanthine anyhydrous may also be marketed as a supplement that will bring about greater mental clarity, mental alertness, and focus. You can find this stimulant in both pill form and more potent powder form, although not generally sold alone but found as an active ingredient in other products.

Vinpocetine, a derivative alkaloid of vincamine, is actually semi synthetic in nature. It is an extract from the It is an extract from the periwinkle vinca minor. Vinpocentine is used because it has neuroprotective effects and also helps in enhancing the cerebral blood flow. In Eastern Europe, it is also used as a drug to treat cerebrovascular disorders along with age related memory impairment. It is also extensively marketed as a supplement for vasodilation. It is also used to improve the memory since it plays the role of a nootropic. Vinpocentine is therefore used in supporting brain function. It helps in enhancing concentration and memory by activating cerebral metabolism. In the body building world, vinpocetine is often used a vasodilator. However, no research has been done so far on the effect of vinpocentine in the body building.

Vitamin B3 is also known as Niacin or nicotinic acid. It helps in the conversion of carbohydrates into glucose that serves as fuel for energy. It also helps the body in metabolizing fats and proteins. Niacin also helps in the production of hormones necessary for the body to function properly. It is also effective in improving the circulation in the body. It lowers cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar level. It also helps in the treatment of coronary artery disease. It also helps in regulating the blood sugar level. Niacin also helps prevent the Pellagra disease, which causes digestive problems, diarrhea, dermatitis, hyper-pigmentation, amnesia, dementia, delirium, and even death. Niacin also helps prevent Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, and is also effective in treating acne.