Calcium, a mineral vital to the human body, Calcium is necessary for many bodily functions, such as muscle contraction, and proper heart function.

L-Arginine is a very important amino acid that is required by the body for a number of functions. One of the main functions of L-Arginine is its ability to rid the body of ammonia, which is a waste product. It is also used in the manufacture of nitric oxide, which helps to relax the blood vessels, thereby increasing the flow of blood and reducing the chances of a heart attack. It is advised that supplements of L-Arginine should not be administered following a heart attack for fear that it could possibly aggravate cardiac shock. L-Arginine is being used in treating people with erectile dysfunction, as it relaxes the blood vessels surrounding the penis. It is also used in treating migraine and blood pressure.

L-Glutamine- Glutamine is an amino acid which is responsible for a multitude of biochemical functions in humans. L-Glutamine is generally found in dietary sources such as chicken, beef, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, spinach, wheat, parsley, cabbages, beans and beets. Glutamine is apparently the most common amino acid occurring naturally, furthermore this non essential amino acid is one of just a few, which are able to directly cross the blood brain barrier. In the human body, L-Glutamine is found in the skeletal muscles, but also in the blood. Besides the vital biological functions, such as fuel for brain, blocking cortisol induced protein catabolism, immune function assistance, protein synthesis and in DNA synthesis, L-Glutamine is used as a supplement for ailing and injured, improving recovery, but also as muscle growth agent in body building and athletic circles.

L-Isoleucine is an essential alpha-amino acid that is considered both, a ketogenic and a glucogenic amino acid. Since that L-Isoleucine is an essential amino acid, it cannot be synthesized by the body, therefore it needs to be ingested. The primary source of L-Isoleucine is as a component of proteins. It has become a prominent component of nutritional supplements, mostly with the body building and similar athletic communities, where it is believed that L-Isoleucine has the capability to increase endurance, but also to repair muscle tissue. It has been observed that L-Isoleucine ingestion allows power athletes to recover easier from very tough trainings and exhausting activities. This branched chain amino acid is one of the three main BCAA in the body, the other ones being valine and leucine.

L-Leucine, is an alpha amino acid which is extremely essential in the everyday functioning of the body. Leucine is also an essential amino acid, meaning that the human body cannot synthesize it and it has to be ingested. And is found in brown rice, nuts and whole wheat bread products. L-Leucine as an essential amino acid increases the synthesis of muscle protein and thus slows the degradation of muscle tissue. L-Leucine is also utilised in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle tissue. Simply put, L-Leucine supplies the body with energy when engaging in an athletic activity, it preserves the glucose stored in muscle tissue and it works to heal bone, skin and muscle tissue. It is also a ‘limiting nutrient’ thus it helps the body make use of the proteins ingested. Leucine deficiency can lead to depression, muscle weakness, low energy etc.

L-Valine is the third branched chain amino acid and is required for muscle metabolism, repairs and regenerates tissue, and maintains the body's nitrogen level. It also is used as a muscle energy source and preserves the use of glucose.

Phosphate (Phosphorus) is a chemical element that is found in the periodic table with the atomic number fifteen. As a high reactive element, it is not found in clean form as a free element in nature. It is one of the most important and essential elements in the human body, being found in phospholipids that form all the membranes of cells, the DNA, the RNA and also the ATP. Cellular energy is being transported by phosphate in form of adenosine triphosphate, calcium phosphate, which are salts, are responsible for the stiffness of bones. In the average human, the amount of phosphorus in weight would be about one kilogram, whereby most of it is in form of apatite and found in teeth and bones. The daily consumption of phosphorus through dietary means is estimated at about one to three grams.

Potassium, a mineral that is quite common in our food. Potassium is needed for proper muscle growth, nervous system and brain function and to help balance the PH of our bodies.

Sodium is the element that has the atomic number 11 in the periodic table and is commonly known as the main component in the table salt, together with chloride. Interestingly enough, it is probably the one dietary component which does require limitation rather than supplementation, since that average daily nutritional requirement is around half a gram per day. This most popular food seasoning, salt, is providing the most common source of sodium and chloride in human diets, but is generally overused and may cause health problems, such as high blood pressure, if consumed overly generously. The suggested dose of table salt, or rather the upper limit portion, would be somewhat less than 6 gram per day, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, referenced by FDA. In the UK this limit is set at four grams per day.

Vitamin C- Perhaps the most popular vitamin, L-ascorbic acid is viewed as an essential nutrient and is required to synthesize collagen in humans. The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, or Vitamin C for short, is the famous ingredient of oranges and other citrus fruits. It has been said that a glass of pure squeezed orange juice provides the daily requirement of Vitamin C. While the antioxidant function is deemed important, other biosynthetic functions are of vital significance. It provides an electron for eight different enzymes, besides the aforementioned synthesis of collagen; it aids the synthesis of carnitine and neurotransmitters, synthesis and catabolism of tyrosine and the metabolism of microsome. The additional function as a reducing agent, keeping iron and copper at bay is an additional trait.